Opini
Mendidik Anak Berjiwa Entrepreneur

Published
8 years agoon
By
Mitra Wacana
Oleh: Hermansyah Kahir (Pernah belajar pada Jurusan Manajemen Perbankan Syariah UMJ)
Tantangan terbesar semua negara tak terkecuali Indonesia dewasa ini adalah menciptakan lapanga kerja. Perluasan lapangan kerja yang relatif lebih lambat daripada pertumbuhan populasi penduduk sudah menyebabkan meningkatnya pengangguran. Dibutuhkan perluasan lapangan kerja baru untuk mengurai persoalan klasik ini. Salah satu sektor pendukung untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja baru adalah sektor wirausaha.
Sektor ini dapat menjadi jalan tengah antara ketidakmampuan negara dalam menyediakan lapanga pekerjaan bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, wirausaha diyakini dapat menjadi alternatif baru bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi kreatif di kalangan anak-anak muda khususnya yang baru lulus dari perguruan tinggi. Banyak kalangan menilai bahwa wirausaha adalah kunci untuk kemajuan sebuah bangsa. Negara maju seperti Amerika Serikat ditopang oleh wirausaha yang jumlahnya lebih dari 10 persen dari jumlah penduduknya. Pada 1980-an negeri Paman Sam telah melahirkaan sekitar 20 juta entrepreneur yang mampu menciptakan dan memperluas lapangan pekerjaan.
Semakin banyak orang yang berwirausaha makan akan semakin banyak pula lapangan pekerjaan yang tercipta. Meskipun demikian, wirausaha tidak dapat diperoleh secara instan. Perlu adanya penanaman jiwa wirausaha sejak dini karena pada masa-masa inilah masa yang paling produktif untuk menanamkan jiwa wirausaha kepada anak. Jiwa wirausaha tidak dapat dipelajari selayaknya belajar membaca tetapi perlu ditanamkan sejak dini sehingga karakter wirausaha dapat tertanam kuat dalam diri seseorang. Jennie M. Xue (2016) mengatakan, membesarkan anak-anak berjiwa entrepreneur sejak dini berarti mempekenalkan seawal mungkin personality trait entrepreneur serta arti pasar, produk dan strategi bisnis.
Dukungan Keluarga
Kewirausahaan merupakan harapan kehidupan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat luas. Karenanya, banyaknya jumlah entrepreneur di suatu negara akan menunjukkan tingginya kesejahteraan rakyatnya. Pembangunan suatu negara akan lebih berhasil jika ditopang oleh wirausaha apalagi kemampuan pemerintah untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja sangat terbatas. Artinya, untuk menggarap semua aspek pembangunan pemerintah akan kewalahan karena membutuhkan anggaran yang tidak sedikit pula.
Kewiraussahaan perlu diperkenalkan sejak dini di dalam keluarga sehingga lebih matang dan terarah ketika si anak sudah tumbuh dewasa. Pada dasarnya jiwa wirausaha tidak hanya diperlukan untuk berbisnis saja, hampir dalam segala bidang sangat dibutuhkan jiwa entrepreneur untuk keberhasilan kerja dan organisasi. Karena semangat kerja, kreativitas, disiplin, inovatif, gigih, kerja keras, tidak mudah putus asa merupakan karakteristik jiwa unggul yang diperlukan di bidang apa saja.
Keluarga merupakan sekolah pertama bagi anak-anak, karena dalam keluargalah anak dilahirkan dan berkembang menjadi dewasa. Pendidikan kewirausahaan dalam lingkungan keluarga diawali dengan pemberian contoh-contoh positif dari orangtua. Suasana rumah juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan dan perilaku anak.
Semakin banyak pengalaman yang diperoleh anak melalui pendidikan keluarga, maka akan semakin banyak pula karakteristik dan sifat-sifat positif anak baik dalam bentuk pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilannya. Hal ini akan memperkuat mental dan sikap seorang anak ketika dewasa nanti.
Jiwa entrepreneurship sebenarnya sudah dimiliki oleh setiap individu, tapi memiliki kadar yang berbeda tergantung bagaimana orangtua mengasah dan melatihnya dalam lingkungan keluarga. Dalam konteks inilah jiwa entrepreneurship, yang berkaitan dengan life skill ini sangat dibutuhkan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Dengan pendidikan, seorang entrepreneur akan memiliki visi dan misi yang tinggi, memiliki jiwa kreatifitas dan inovasi yang kuat, pemberani, jujur dan berjiwa kompetitif.
Dengan pendidikan dan penanaman jiwa wirausaha sejak dini dalam keluarga, diharapkan anak-anak tumbuh dengan pribadi yang siap untuk berwirausaha. Mininal mereka dapat menciptakan pekerjaan bagi dirinya sendiri. Dan, tentunya dapat membuka lapangan pekerjaan yang sangat luas bagi orang lain.
Banyak tokoh sukses karena memiliki jiwa entrepreneur sejak masih anak-anak. Sebut saja JK Rowling, di mana berkat hobi menulisnya sejak usia 6 tahun telah mengantarnya menjadi salah satu penulis terkaya. Bahkan ia sering memperlihatkan karyanya kepada orangtua dan teman-temannya. Contoh lain adalah Jon Chu yang sejak kecil senang menonton video dan lebih suka mengomunikasikan isi makalah sekolahnya daripada diketik. Karena kebiasaannya ini Jon Chu tumbuh sebagai sutradara kawakan berkelas dunia.
Karena wirausaha tidak dilahirkan, maka orangtua perlu terlibat langsung dan mendukung kebiasaan-kebiasaan positif anak di rumah sehingga anak-anak tumbuh dewasa dengan memiliki jiwa entrepreneur sejak dini. Diharapkan di masa mendatang mereka dapat menjadi wirausaha sukses yang dapat menciptakan pekerjaan baru, sehingga dapat mengurangi pengangguran, menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan, dan mengentaskan masyarakat dari cengkraman kemiskinan. Lebih jauh lagi, sebagai motor pembangunan ekonomi para wirausaha ini dapat membawa Indonesia menjadi bangsa yang mandiri dan bermartabat.
Biodata penulis
Nama : Hermansyah Kahir
Tanggal Lahir : Sumenep, 28-01-1988
Pekerjaan : Penulis
Alamat : Jl. KH. Abdul Ghani Kampung Bulak Rt/Rw: 02/02 No. 22 Kel. Cempaka Putih Ciputat Timur Tangerang Selatan 15412
Hp : 087889922066
email : hermansyahkahir@yahoo.com
Twitter : @hermansyahkahir
Opini
Bridging the Gap: Access to Justice for Women in Rural Indonesia

Published
4 days agoon
21 April 2025By
Mitra Wacana
Author: Sarah Crockett (Intern from Australia)
Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution affirmed that all citizens shall be equal before the law, underscoring a core principle of equality within the legal framework of Indonesia. This foundational concept is further reinforced through Article 28D(1); that every person shall be entitled to protection and equitable legal certainty as well as equal treatment before the law. This burdens the State to grant everyone the right to be equal before the law without any excuses. In 1984 Indonesia also ratified CEDAW (The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). These laws, while well-intentioned, have frequently fallen short of their goals. Over the years, cases have shown how laws failed to facilitate the protection of women and the prevention of sexual harassment in Indonesia. A key aspect of this is the difficulty women experiencing in gaining access to justice following sexual crimes.
This issue of access to justice for women who have experienced sexual violence is heightened in rural areas. Rural regions are not only more isolated in a geographic sense, but the remoteness of location also creates a scarcity of certain assets. There are fewer resources like lawyers, education on the law and other legal aids. This can make it even more difficult to obtain legal counsel and cause confusion around whether individuals are entitled to legal assistance as well as where they can find it. Many women are unaware of their rights or what legal avenues are available to them to address instances of sexual assault. These areas also lack access to essential legal technology such as systems for digital record-keeping.
This gap can create inefficiencies in case handling, particularly in cases of sexual assault where the documentation of incidents is vital to the provision of evidence. The resulting inefficiencies stemming from outdated or ineffective record systems can lead to lost or mismanaged evidence, creating obstacles to timely and efficient legal justice and undermining the credibility of the legal system. Furthermore, a lack of adequate support systems for victims in rural areas, for example advocacy groups or mental health services, can increase feelings of isolation and helplessness resulting in reduced reporting. It is particularly vital that these issues are addressed as a significant portion of reported sexual assaults originate in rural regions. In a survey of 735 court decisions involving the sexual abuse of women 78.1% of cases were from rural region, although many cases go unreported.
Rural regions and more isolated communities tend to have even greater social stigma around female sexual assault than more urban areas. Traditional values in these areas can prioritize family honour and the reputation of the community over individual rights. An example of how this can manifest is the fact that women in rural regions who are assaulted are frequently pressured to marry their rapist to avoid social stigma by both their family and the police. In 2020 in East Nusa Tenggara a fifteen-year-old rape victim was married off by her parents to her seventy-year-old rapist. This stigma is amplified by cultural norms and patriarchal attitudes that place the burden of blame on victims. As a result, victims fear damage to their reputations or even backlash from their families.
Cultural norms may also encourage reconciliation over the pursuit of legal recourse. There is often pressure to avoid legal action to reduce the perceived shame this would bring the families of women who have experienced sexual assault. Victims may also feel that the outcomes they can expect for reporting will be unsatisfactory and therefore decline to pursue formal justice, particularly in rural areas. This stigmatization not only discourages individuals from seeking legal recourse but also affects their mental health and physical well-being. The stigma could extend to the legal process, where victims may face revictimization through insensitive questioning or biased treatment, reinforcing a culture of silence and underreporting. There is also a trend in rural areas of police lacking sensitivity training when dealing with victims of sexual assault, resulting in a bias against claimants and a culture of victim-blaming, further disincentivising victims from reporting.
In recent years, Indonesia experienced progressive development towards its laws and regulations on sexual violence. For years, the Wetboek van Stratrecht (WvS) has been the sole reference of law on sexual violence in Indonesia. In general, the Dutch-inherited criminal code is not sufficient to accommodate the fast-changing dynamics of criminal law in Indonesia. For years, Indonesia applied a very limited definition of sexual violence that often ending up causing harm to victims and restricted the effectiveness of legal enforcement. The retributive nature of Indonesia’s criminal law also puts aside the victim’s rights and interests which a massive application of restorative justice in Indonesia’s criminal law has tried to reform. Indonesia has now enacted Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence which adopted a broader definition of sexual violence. The adoption of a broader definition of sexual violence could be seen from the inclusion of non-physical sexual harassment, marital sexual harassment, and online-based sexual violence.
Law Number 12 of 2022 also puts more focus on the victim compared to the old law as it is more perpetrator-oriented. The new law sets out a series of measures for the protection of the victim of sexual harassment such as medical and psychological guidance, restitution, rehabilitation, and also legal aid. The new law also recognises the importance of the victim’s own statements as well as digital evidence. However, despite the improvements shown by Law Number 12 of 2022, there have been a lot of obstacles in implementing the law. Law enforcement officers, especially police and prosecutors, are often poorly trained in handling sexual violence cases from a victim-centered perspective, resulting in many cases not being taken seriously or being overlooked. This also causes victims to doubt whether their cases would be taken seriously or if they would experience backlash for being the victims of sexual crimes.
The new law on sexual violence is expected to bring fresh air to the enforcement and eradication of sexual harassment in Indonesia. It is also in the spirit of applying the concept of restorative justice in Indonesia’s criminal law, while slowly leaving the long-adopted concept of retributive justice. In its formulation, the Government labelled Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence as a more accommodating law and provides more care to the victim by introducing more definitions of sexual violence, legal aid to the victim, restitution, and a higher sanction to the perpetrator. Despite all the claims made by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, the law is far from what seems to be the objective of the law. One of the most vital points in ensuring the success of the implementation of the law is the legal enforcer. As perfect as it is, the law will not be ideal if the enforcement is weak.
In addition, the enforcement of the law in online-based sexual violence remains ineffective. The digital infrastructure provided by the government in battling with online-based sexual violence is insufficient and cannot accommodate the fast-paced development of the internet. This can result in victims being left untreated and the existing systems for protection and prevention of online sexual violence are very minimal. Overall, further work is required in order to facilitate better access to justice for women in rural Indonesia.

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