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Menuju P3A Mandiri dan Berprestasi

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Dokumentasi pertemuan rutin Desa Berta, Banjarnegara. Foto wahyu tnt
Purwanti dan Eka Nata Saptiana

Purwanti dan  Nata Eka Saptiana

Oleh Nata Eka Saptiana dan Purwanti (Pendamping komunitas Banjarnegara)

Pada tanggal 17 Oktober tahun 2014 diadakan launching P3A (Pusat Pembelajaran Perempuan dan Anak) Women Care dan Kacang Tanah dari Desa Karangjati dan P3A Lentera Hati dan Berlian dari Desa Berta di Balai Desa Karangjati Kecamatan Susukan, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Pada saat itu, acara dihadiri oleh semua elemen masyarakat antara lain : Kepala desa, Badan Perwakilan Desa, Kepolisian Sektor, Puskesmas, Polres, P2TP2A, dan organisasi lainnya yang ada di desa. Mitra Wacana WRC melakukan pendampingan dari tahun 2014.

Pada 2017 merupakan periode berakhirnya program penguatan kapasitas perempuan di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Di tahun terakhir ini, CO memiliki tekad untuk mewujudkan P3A di Kecamatan Susukan dapat mandiri dalam menjalankan kegiatan atau program komunitas itu sendiri maupun program dari Mitra Wacana WRC. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan oleh CO dalam upaya untuk memandirikan P3A Women Care, Lentera Hati dan KACANGTANAH yaitu memberikan kesempatan kepada anggota P3A untuk turut serta dalam kepanitian di setiap program Mitra Wacana WRC, supaya anggota P3A mempunyai rasa memiliki dan tanggung jawab terhadap komunitas, meningkatkan kepercayaan diri setiap anggota dan bahkan dilibatkan menjadi fasilitator serta pendampingan kasus (paralegal).

Hal tersebut diwujudkan dalam kegiatan nyata seperti melakukan promosi perlindungan terhadap perempuan dan anak dari kekerasan terutama kekerasan seksual dalam kegiatan rutin antar warga, antar sekolah dan antar desa, mampu membuat mars perempuan, mars Women Care dan mars Lentera Hati, bahkan anggota P3A mendapatkan kepercayaan dari pemerintah desa untuk mengisi agenda kegiatan Desa Layak Anak di Karangjati dan P3A KACANGTANAH sudah melahirkan karya dalam bentuk film pendek dengan judul “Wani Ngomong” yang menceritakan keberanian anak-anak untuk berani bicara ketika menjadi korban kekerasan seksual.

Beberapa kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh P3A ada yang tidak melibatkan CO, artinya sekecil apapun hal ini menjadi tanda bahwa P3A pelan namun pasti sudah mampu menyelenggarakan kegiatan secara mandiri. Pada kegiatan pertemuan rutin, anggota P3A wajib melaporkan hasil kegiatan dan melakukan evaluasi bersama dengan CO. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan tujuan supaya P3A dapat tetap menjalankan komunitasnya secara mandiri karena sudah tidak mendapatkan dampingan secara rutin dari Mitra Wacana WRC.

Dalam menjalankan kegiatan-kegiatan yang direncanakan P3A, pada rencana kegiatan tahun 2017 mendapatkan dukungan dana dari pemerintah Desa. P3A Women care berhasil melakukan advokasi anggaran dana desa sebesar Rp. 2.500.00,-/tahun dan P3A Lentera Hati mendapatkan akses dana dari sebesar Rp. 2.000.000,-/tahun. Selain mendapatkan dukungan secara materi, pemerintah desa juga memberikan dukungan secara moril. Sebagai contoh, kepala desa atau perangkat desa mendampingi P3A dalam melakukan berbagai kegiatan. Selain itu, aparat desa menyambut baik kegiatan-kegiatan P3A yang melibatkan pemerintah desa, contohnya audiensi dan advokasi yang dilakukan P3A untuk meminta dukungan pemerintah desa dalam upaya perlindungan perempuan dan anak dari kekerasan di Desa Karangjati dan Berta.

P3A Women Care dan Lentera Hati mencoba memperluas jaringan di lingkungan Kecamatan Susukan dalam upaya melakukan perlindungan terhadap perempuan dan anak dari kekerasan seksual, yaitu dengan melibatkan Ketua Tim Penggerak PKK se-Kecamatan Susukan. Deklarasi kerjasama antara P3A Women Care dan Lentera Hati dengan Ketua Tim Penggerak PKK se-Kecamatan Susukan dilakukan di Balai Desa Karangjati pada hari Jumat, 9 Juni 2017 dengan nama jaringan Cawan Susu, Mantap!!! (Cahaya Wanita Susukan, Mandiri Tangguh Peduli). Susukan Aman !!!! KSTA,,, Lawan !!!! Stop KSTA !!!! Wani Ngomong, Wani Lapor, Aja Meneng Bae !!!!

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Opini

Bridging the Gap: Access to Justice for Women in Rural Indonesia

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Sumber foto: Freepik

Author: Sarah Crockett (Intern from Australia)

Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution affirmed that all citizens shall be equal before the law, underscoring a core principle of equality within the legal framework of Indonesia. This foundational concept is further reinforced through Article 28D(1); that every person shall be entitled to protection and equitable legal certainty as well as equal treatment before the law. This burdens the State to grant everyone the right to be equal before the law without any excuses. In 1984 Indonesia also ratified CEDAW (The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). These laws, while well-intentioned, have frequently fallen short of their goals. Over the years, cases have shown how laws failed to facilitate the protection of women and the prevention of sexual harassment in Indonesia. A key aspect of this is the difficulty women experiencing in gaining access to justice following sexual crimes.

This issue of access to justice for women who have experienced sexual violence is heightened in rural areas. Rural regions are not only more isolated in a geographic sense, but the remoteness of location also creates a scarcity of certain assets. There are fewer resources like lawyers, education on the law and other legal aids. This can make it even more difficult to obtain legal counsel and cause confusion around whether individuals are entitled to legal assistance as well as where they can find it. Many women are unaware of their rights or what legal avenues are available to them to address instances of sexual assault. These areas also lack access to essential legal technology such as systems for digital record-keeping.

This gap can create inefficiencies in case handling, particularly in cases of sexual assault where the documentation of incidents is vital to the provision of evidence. The resulting inefficiencies stemming from outdated or ineffective record systems can lead to lost or mismanaged evidence, creating obstacles to timely and efficient legal justice and undermining the credibility of the legal system. Furthermore, a lack of adequate support systems for victims in rural areas, for example advocacy groups or mental health services, can increase feelings of isolation and helplessness resulting in reduced reporting. It is particularly vital that these issues are addressed as a significant portion of reported sexual assaults originate in rural regions. In a survey of 735 court decisions involving the sexual abuse of women 78.1% of cases were from rural region, although many cases go unreported.

Rural regions and more isolated communities tend to have even greater social stigma around female sexual assault than more urban areas. Traditional values in these areas can prioritize family honour and the reputation of the community over individual rights. An example of how this can manifest is the fact that women in rural regions who are assaulted are frequently pressured to marry their rapist to avoid social stigma by both their family and the police. In 2020 in East Nusa Tenggara a fifteen-year-old rape victim was married off by her parents to her seventy-year-old rapist. This stigma is amplified by cultural norms and patriarchal attitudes that place the burden of blame on victims. As a result, victims fear damage to their reputations or even backlash from their families.

Cultural norms may also encourage reconciliation over the pursuit of legal recourse. There is often pressure to avoid legal action to reduce the perceived shame this would bring the families of women who have experienced sexual assault. Victims may also feel that the outcomes they can expect for reporting will be unsatisfactory and therefore decline to pursue formal justice, particularly in rural areas. This stigmatization not only discourages individuals from seeking legal recourse but also affects their mental health and physical well-being. The stigma could extend to the legal process, where victims may face revictimization through insensitive questioning or biased treatment, reinforcing a culture of silence and underreporting. There is also a trend in rural areas of police lacking sensitivity training when dealing with victims of sexual assault, resulting in a bias against claimants and a culture of victim-blaming, further disincentivising victims from reporting.

In recent years, Indonesia experienced progressive development towards its laws and regulations on sexual violence. For years, the Wetboek van Stratrecht (WvS) has been the sole reference of law on sexual violence in Indonesia. In general, the Dutch-inherited criminal code is not sufficient to accommodate the fast-changing dynamics of criminal law in Indonesia. For years, Indonesia applied a very limited definition of sexual violence that often ending up causing harm to victims and restricted the effectiveness of legal enforcement. The retributive nature of Indonesia’s criminal law also puts aside the victim’s rights and interests which a massive application of restorative justice in Indonesia’s criminal law has tried to reform. Indonesia has now enacted Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence which adopted a broader definition of sexual violence. The adoption of a broader definition of sexual violence could be seen from the inclusion of non-physical sexual harassment, marital sexual harassment, and online-based sexual violence.

Law Number 12 of 2022 also puts more focus on the victim compared to the old law as it is more perpetrator-oriented. The new law sets out a series of measures for the protection of the victim of sexual harassment such as medical and psychological guidance, restitution, rehabilitation, and also legal aid. The new law also recognises the importance of the victim’s own statements as well as digital evidence. However, despite the improvements shown by Law Number 12 of 2022, there have been a lot of obstacles in implementing the law. Law enforcement officers, especially police and prosecutors, are often poorly trained in handling sexual violence cases from a victim-centered perspective, resulting in many cases not being taken seriously or being overlooked. This also causes victims to doubt whether their cases would be taken seriously or if they would experience backlash for being the victims of sexual crimes.

The new law on sexual violence is expected to bring fresh air to the enforcement and eradication of sexual harassment in Indonesia. It is also in the spirit of applying the concept of restorative justice in Indonesia’s criminal law, while slowly leaving the long-adopted concept of retributive justice. In its formulation, the Government labelled Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence as a more accommodating law and provides more care to the victim by introducing more definitions of sexual violence, legal aid to the victim, restitution, and a higher sanction to the perpetrator. Despite all the claims made by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, the law is far from what seems to be the objective of the law. One of the most vital points in ensuring the success of the implementation of the law is the legal enforcer. As perfect as it is, the law will not be ideal if the enforcement is weak.

In addition, the enforcement of the law in online-based sexual violence remains ineffective. The digital infrastructure provided by the government in battling with online-based sexual violence is insufficient and cannot accommodate the fast-paced development of the internet. This can result in victims being left untreated and the existing systems for protection and prevention of online sexual violence are very minimal. Overall, further work is required in order to facilitate better access to justice for women in rural Indonesia.

 

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