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RUU Ormas, Perlukah?

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RUU

Demokratisasi Indonesia yang telah berlangsung lebih satu dekade, sejak reformasi tahun 1998, telah berhasil mendorong lahirnya perubahan di beberapa aspek kehidupan berbangsa. Penataan institusi dan sistem bernegara telah dilakukan, sekalipun masih belum menjamin adanya pelembagaan menjadi sistem yang lebih mapan di masa mendatang. Begitu pula tumbuh pesat partisipasi masyarakat di berbagai hal dan tingkatan, menjadi penanda demokrasi bekerja.

Dalam konteks itu, jaminan hak-hak kebebasan bagi warga negara dan masyarakat sipil yang berdaya menjadi kunci kokohnya demokrasi. Karena posisi dan perlakuan terhadap masyarakat sipil menjadi penentu kelangsungan demokrasi, maka tantangan serius yang harus dijawab adalah bagaimana negara mampu melindungi terwujudnya kebebasan partisipasi masyarakat sipil sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam UUD ’45.

Dalam waktu dekat ini, direncanakan pada tgl 12 April 2013, DPR-RI akan mengesahkan rancangan undang-undang organisasi kemasyarakatan (RUU ORMAS). Suatu rancangan undang-undang yang dinilai banyak pihak kontroversial, baik dari sisi sejarah, konteks, substansi dan implikasi yang ditimbulkannya. RUU ORMAS ini menyimpan banyak problem serius, yang membahayakan kelangsungan demokrasi dan peran partisipatif masyarakat sipil ke depan.

Atas hal itu, kita diingatkan adanya UU yang sama produk Orde Baru yakni UU No. 8 tahun 1985 tentang ORMAS. Watak regulasi produk rezim otoriter saat itu adalah membungkam kebebasan berekspresi dan berserikat masyarakat sipil dalam disain korporatik. Regulasi itu sebagai instrument pemerintah untuk mengontrol warganya agar tidak tumbuh partisipasi kritis pengimbang jalannya kekuasaan. Terbukti UU ORMAS versi Orde Baru telah melumpuhkan masyarakat dan mereproduksi watak kekuasaan yang otoriter. Masyarakat tidak berdaya, sementara negara melakukan represi dengan sejumlah pelanggaran atas konstitusi.

Sesungguhnya ORMAS bukanlah bentuk yang dikenal dalam hukum Indonesia ataupun di berbagai negara civil law lainnya. Tetapi, mengapa Pemerintah dan DPR di era reformasi tidak memperhatikan itu? Apakah kita akan mengulang pengalaman buruk di era Orde Baru, padahal saat ini kita sedang membangun konsensus menuju demokrasi?

Melacak konteks regulasi yang kali ini diinisiasi oleh DPR, secara eksplisit Pemerintah dan DPR berupaya membatasi ruang gerak masyarakat, dengan dalil-dalil dan anggapan seolah partisipasi warga menjadi ancaman. Tafsir semacam ini terekspresikan dalam perdebatan yang berlangsung sejauh ini, serta tercermin dalam pasal demi pasal draft RUU ORMAS.

RUU ORMAS kian meneguhkan praktik birokratisasi, di mana pengaturan prosedur partisipasi warga yang begitu membatasi dan mengontrol dengan pendekatan politik administrasi, yang berimplikasi justru mematikan inisiasi masyarakat sipil. Corak dan pola itu jelas kontraproduktif dengan demokratisasi yang tengah berlangsung.

Padahal, dalam pengalaman praksis menunjukkan, betapa besar peran organisasi masyarakat sipil dalam memberdayakan masyarakat saat negara (dalam hal ini pemerintah) tidak responsif memenuhi tugas dan tanggung jawabnya. Spirit voluntarism dan gerakan sosial yang dimotori organisasi masyarakat sipil telah mampu mengimbangi dan mengontrol kekuasaan agar tercegah potensi otoriter dari suatu pemerintahan. Hal-hal positif semacam ini tidak menjadi pertimbangan, tetapi justru sebaliknya, logika Pemerintah dan DPR cenderung melihat organisasi masyarakat sebagai ancaman. Cara berfikir dan pola kekuasaan semacam ini jelas membahayakan masa depan demokrasi dan memungkinkan terjadinya praktek-praktek kekerasan, horizontal atau vertikal.
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Opini

Click with Caution: Keeping Indonesian Kids Safe Online

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Sumber: Freepik
 

Author: Sarah Crockett (Intern from Australia)

The world has become increasingly interconnected, with the use of smartphones and the internet skyrocketing globally. Children and young adults in particular are heavy users of social media and are at the forefront of digital usage. This rise in digital engagement has brought with it a host of opportunities, but also significant risks for young users. As children navigate the online world, they are increasingly exposed to dangers such as cyberbullying, online sexual exploitation, and harmful content. Addressing online safety is thus an urgent priority for all countries. However, Indonesian children in particular have a high rate of access to the internet and all of the potential accompanying issues. 
 
According to the 2023 report by Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII), over 80% of children aged 10-17 in Indonesia have access to the internet, with the majority engaging through mobile devices. Popular platforms include TikTok, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Instagram, often used without adequate supervision. While internet use can support learning and creativity, it also poses challenges when digital literacy and parental guidance are lacking. Many parents are less, or totally unfamiliar with some or all of these platforms, making it difficult to warn against same of the dangers of online engagement.
 
Children in Indonesia face a range of online risks. Cyberbullying has become prevalent on social media and there is also a risk of online grooming and sexual exploitation. These issues are exacerbated by the anonymity and accessibility of online communication, the ability of individuals to hide their identity emboldens them in their actions. ECPAT Indonesia noted a significant rise in online child sexual exploitation cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure to harmful content, including pornography, hate speech, and graphic violence, is also widespread and frequently insufficiently regulated. Girls in particular are more at risk of facing online harassment and discrimination.
 
Indonesia has enacted several laws to address online risks, including Law No. 11/2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions and Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection. While these frameworks provide a foundation for action, enforcement remains inconsistent, and child-specific digital protections are still evolving. The Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) has launched digital literacy campaigns, but their reach and impact vary. Regional disparities and limited teacher training further constrain effective implementation.
 
To address this growing concern, the Indonesian government is preparing stronger safeguards for children on digital platforms. Inspired by recent steps taken by countries like Australia, Indonesia is considering a law that would restrict access to social media for users under the age of 16. The move follows increasing reports of online abuse and growing concerns among parents, educators, and child protection advocates. There has been a mixed response to this proposed safeguard, with some feeling it is overly restrictive and authoritarian while others feel it is a necessary measure to protect the mental health and safety of Indonesia’s children.
 
Kominfo is also working on interim child protection guidelines. These guidelines aim to regulate digital content, enforce stricter age verification mechanisms, and compel social media companies to take greater responsibility for harmful content on their platforms. While some critics worry about overregulation and the potential to limit young people’s access to information, many experts argue that the safety of children must come first. “Digital literacy alone is not enough,” says a child rights activist based in Jakarta. “We need infrastructure, policy, and corporate accountability to protect our children in cyberspace.”
 
There are various strategies that can be utilised to improve the safety of children online. In the home parents can be empowered with tools and knowledge about how to protect their children’s safety online through workshops. Schools can implement digital literacy programs into the curriculum to help children to understand the potential risks. Reporting systems for instances of online abuse can be created and made readily accessible and child-protection laws can also be enhance and updated to reflect the current online landscape.
 
Online safety for children in Indonesia is a pressing concern requiring coordinated action across sectors. With its growing digital youth population, Indonesia is well-positioned to lead regional efforts in child online protection. Prioritizing inclusive, culturally sensitive, and rights-based strategies will help ensure that all children can explore the digital world safely and confidently.
 
References
• APJII. (2023). Penetrasi & Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia.
• ECPAT Indonesia. (2020). Online Child Sexual Exploitation in Indonesia.
• Kominfo. (2023). Digital Literacy Campaigns.
• Raharjo, B. (2022). Digital Parenting in Indonesia: Challenges and Cultural Contexts.
• UNICEF Indonesia. (2021). Digital Literacy for Children and Adolescents in Indonesia.
• UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti. (2020). Growing Up in a Connected World.
• UNESCO Jakarta. (2019). Safe Internet Use for Indonesian Youth.

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