Opini
Revolusi Digital dan Keterasingan Sosial: Siapa yang Diuntungkan?

Published
6 months agoon
By
Mitra Wacana

Fadhel Fikri Co-Founder di Sophia Insitute dan pegian filsafat dan Sains. Dan pembisnis di Sabda Literasi Palu
Revolusi digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam cara kita berinteraksi, bekerja, dan berpikir. Teknologi seperti internet, smartphone, dan media sosial telah mengubah hubungan sosial secara mendasar. Di satu sisi, kita dapat terhubung lebih mudah dan cepat; namun, di sisi lain, teknologi ini memunculkan fenomena keterasingan sosial. Apakah kemajuan teknologi ini benar-benar mendekatkan kita, atau justru menciptakan jarak baru?
Saya di sini akan mencoba mengeksplorasi dampak revolusi digital terhadap hubungan sosial, fenomena keterasingan di era teknologi, serta siapa yang sebenarnya diuntungkan dari perubahan besar ini.
Sebelum era digital, interaksi sosial lebih banyak terjadi secara langsung. Orang bertemu di tempat umum, berkumpul dengan keluarga, dan menghabiskan waktu bersama teman-teman. Namun, dengan kehadiran media sosial dan internet, pola komunikasi telah bergeser. Kini, banyak interaksi yang terjadi secara digital, di mana pesan singkat dan video call menggantikan interaksi tatap muka.
Meskipun teknologi memungkinkan kita terhubung dengan banyak orang, hubungan sosial yang terbentuk sering kali lebih dangkal. Media sosial memungkinkan kita untuk melihat “highlight reel” atau momen-momen terbaik dari kehidupan orang lain, menciptakan ilusi hubungan yang akrab. Sayangnya, interaksi ini sering kali tidak menghasilkan kedekatan emosional yang mendalam. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bagaimana hubungan sosial di era digital telah berubah menjadi lebih superfisial, dengan komunikasi yang sering kali minim makna.
Fenomena Keterasingan di Tengah Keterhubungan
Ironisnya, meskipun teknologi memungkinkan kita terhubung dengan ribuan orang, banyak penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perasaan keterasingan dan kesepian justru meningkat. Studi dari University of Pennsylvania, misalnya, menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media sosial yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan perasaan kesepian dan isolasi sosial. Fenomena ini dikenal sebagai “keterasingan digital,” di mana meskipun kita memiliki banyak “teman daring,” hubungan tersebut sering kali terasa kurang bermakna.
Perasaan keterasingan ini terutama dialami oleh generasi muda yang tumbuh di era digital, di mana komunikasi tatap muka digantikan oleh interaksi online yang cepat dan sering kali dangkal. Meskipun teknologi menyediakan akses luas untuk terhubung dengan orang lain, kualitas koneksi tersebut sering kali kurang mendalam, menciptakan paradoks di mana kita semakin “terhubung” namun merasa semakin “terasing.”
Siapa yang Diuntungkan?
Di balik kemajuan teknologi digital, ada pihak-pihak yang mendapatkan keuntungan besar, terutama perusahaan teknologi besar seperti Facebook, Google, dan Amazon. Perusahaan-perusahaan ini tidak hanya menguasai pasar digital, tetapi juga mendapatkan keuntungan dari data pribadi pengguna yang dikumpulkan setiap kali kita mengakses platform mereka. Data ini kemudian dijual ke pengiklan atau digunakan untuk menargetkan iklan yang lebih efektif, menghasilkan keuntungan finansial yang besar bagi perusahaan teknologi.
Algoritme media sosial dirancang untuk meningkatkan waktu layar pengguna, memastikan bahwa kita menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu di platform tersebut. Semakin lama kita terlibat dengan platform ini, semakin banyak data yang bisa dikumpulkan, dan semakin besar keuntungan bagi perusahaan. Dalam ekosistem digital ini, pengguna sering kali menjadi “produk” yang diperdagangkan, sementara perusahaan teknologi terus memperoleh keuntungan besar dari data pribadi kita.
Struktur Sosial dan Ketimpangan Sosial
Revolusi digital juga memperlebar jurang ketimpangan sosial, terutama antara mereka yang memiliki akses ke teknologi dan mereka yang tidak. Fenomena ini dikenal sebagai “digital divide,” di mana akses terhadap teknologi tidak merata, menciptakan perbedaan dalam kesempatan pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan bahkan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan. Mereka yang tidak memiliki akses terhadap teknologi modern cenderung tertinggal dalam hal informasi dan kesempatan, memperkuat ketimpangan sosial yang sudah ada.
Ketimpangan akses terhadap teknologi tidak hanya berdampak pada kehidupan sehari-hari, tetapi juga menciptakan struktur sosial yang semakin tidak setara. Mereka yang memiliki akses ke teknologi cenderung memiliki keunggulan dalam pendidikan dan pekerjaan, sementara yang tidak memiliki akses berisiko semakin terpinggirkan. Ketimpangan ini menunjukkan bahwa revolusi digital tidak serta merta menciptakan akses yang merata bagi semua, melainkan memperdalam jurang sosial yang sudah ada.
Membangun Kembali Koneksi Sosial yang Lebih Bermakna
Meskipun dampak negatif teknologi terhadap hubungan sosial nyata adanya, terdapat beberapa alternatif dan solusi untuk mengurangi efek tersebut. Salah satunya adalah gerakan “slow-tech,” yang mendorong penggunaan teknologi secara bijak dan tidak berlebihan. Slow-tech menekankan pentingnya mengatur waktu layar dan menghargai interaksi langsung yang lebih mendalam.
Digital detox juga semakin populer, di mana individu secara sengaja mengurangi atau membatasi penggunaan teknologi untuk memperbaiki kualitas hidup dan hubungan sosial. Dengan mengurangi ketergantungan pada media sosial, orang dapat lebih fokus pada interaksi yang bermakna dengan keluarga dan teman-teman. Strategi ini dapat membantu mengurangi efek negatif dari keterasingan digital dan mendorong masyarakat untuk membangun kembali koneksi sosial yang lebih dalam.
Apakah Teknologi Mendekatkan atau Menjauhkan?
Revolusi digital telah membawa perubahan besar dalam cara kita berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi. Di satu sisi, teknologi memungkinkan kita untuk terhubung dengan lebih banyak orang di seluruh dunia. Namun, di sisi lain, keterhubungan ini sering kali bersifat dangkal dan bahkan dapat menyebabkan keterasingan sosial. Selain itu, keuntungan dari revolusi digital ini tampaknya lebih banyak dinikmati oleh perusahaan besar yang mengendalikan data dan platform, sementara pengguna menjadi semakin tergantung pada teknologi yang justru berpotensi merugikan mereka.
Teknologi adalah alat yang dapat memberikan manfaat besar jika digunakan dengan bijak. Namun, tanpa pengelolaan yang tepat, teknologi justru dapat menciptakan jurang baru dalam hubungan sosial kita. Pertanyaannya sekarang adalah, apakah kita akan membiarkan teknologi mengendalikan hubungan sosial kita, atau apakah kita akan mengambil langkah untuk menciptakan koneksi yang lebih bermakna di dunia yang semakin digital ini?
Opini
Bridging the Gap: Access to Justice for Women in Rural Indonesia

Published
1 day agoon
21 April 2025By
Mitra Wacana
Author: Sarah Crockett (Intern from Australia)
Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution affirmed that all citizens shall be equal before the law, underscoring a core principle of equality within the legal framework of Indonesia. This foundational concept is further reinforced through Article 28D(1); that every person shall be entitled to protection and equitable legal certainty as well as equal treatment before the law. This burdens the State to grant everyone the right to be equal before the law without any excuses. In 1984 Indonesia also ratified CEDAW (The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). These laws, while well-intentioned, have frequently fallen short of their goals. Over the years, cases have shown how laws failed to facilitate the protection of women and the prevention of sexual harassment in Indonesia. A key aspect of this is the difficulty women experiencing in gaining access to justice following sexual crimes.
This issue of access to justice for women who have experienced sexual violence is heightened in rural areas. Rural regions are not only more isolated in a geographic sense, but the remoteness of location also creates a scarcity of certain assets. There are fewer resources like lawyers, education on the law and other legal aids. This can make it even more difficult to obtain legal counsel and cause confusion around whether individuals are entitled to legal assistance as well as where they can find it. Many women are unaware of their rights or what legal avenues are available to them to address instances of sexual assault. These areas also lack access to essential legal technology such as systems for digital record-keeping.
This gap can create inefficiencies in case handling, particularly in cases of sexual assault where the documentation of incidents is vital to the provision of evidence. The resulting inefficiencies stemming from outdated or ineffective record systems can lead to lost or mismanaged evidence, creating obstacles to timely and efficient legal justice and undermining the credibility of the legal system. Furthermore, a lack of adequate support systems for victims in rural areas, for example advocacy groups or mental health services, can increase feelings of isolation and helplessness resulting in reduced reporting. It is particularly vital that these issues are addressed as a significant portion of reported sexual assaults originate in rural regions. In a survey of 735 court decisions involving the sexual abuse of women 78.1% of cases were from rural region, although many cases go unreported.
Rural regions and more isolated communities tend to have even greater social stigma around female sexual assault than more urban areas. Traditional values in these areas can prioritize family honour and the reputation of the community over individual rights. An example of how this can manifest is the fact that women in rural regions who are assaulted are frequently pressured to marry their rapist to avoid social stigma by both their family and the police. In 2020 in East Nusa Tenggara a fifteen-year-old rape victim was married off by her parents to her seventy-year-old rapist. This stigma is amplified by cultural norms and patriarchal attitudes that place the burden of blame on victims. As a result, victims fear damage to their reputations or even backlash from their families.
Cultural norms may also encourage reconciliation over the pursuit of legal recourse. There is often pressure to avoid legal action to reduce the perceived shame this would bring the families of women who have experienced sexual assault. Victims may also feel that the outcomes they can expect for reporting will be unsatisfactory and therefore decline to pursue formal justice, particularly in rural areas. This stigmatization not only discourages individuals from seeking legal recourse but also affects their mental health and physical well-being. The stigma could extend to the legal process, where victims may face revictimization through insensitive questioning or biased treatment, reinforcing a culture of silence and underreporting. There is also a trend in rural areas of police lacking sensitivity training when dealing with victims of sexual assault, resulting in a bias against claimants and a culture of victim-blaming, further disincentivising victims from reporting.
In recent years, Indonesia experienced progressive development towards its laws and regulations on sexual violence. For years, the Wetboek van Stratrecht (WvS) has been the sole reference of law on sexual violence in Indonesia. In general, the Dutch-inherited criminal code is not sufficient to accommodate the fast-changing dynamics of criminal law in Indonesia. For years, Indonesia applied a very limited definition of sexual violence that often ending up causing harm to victims and restricted the effectiveness of legal enforcement. The retributive nature of Indonesia’s criminal law also puts aside the victim’s rights and interests which a massive application of restorative justice in Indonesia’s criminal law has tried to reform. Indonesia has now enacted Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence which adopted a broader definition of sexual violence. The adoption of a broader definition of sexual violence could be seen from the inclusion of non-physical sexual harassment, marital sexual harassment, and online-based sexual violence.
Law Number 12 of 2022 also puts more focus on the victim compared to the old law as it is more perpetrator-oriented. The new law sets out a series of measures for the protection of the victim of sexual harassment such as medical and psychological guidance, restitution, rehabilitation, and also legal aid. The new law also recognises the importance of the victim’s own statements as well as digital evidence. However, despite the improvements shown by Law Number 12 of 2022, there have been a lot of obstacles in implementing the law. Law enforcement officers, especially police and prosecutors, are often poorly trained in handling sexual violence cases from a victim-centered perspective, resulting in many cases not being taken seriously or being overlooked. This also causes victims to doubt whether their cases would be taken seriously or if they would experience backlash for being the victims of sexual crimes.
The new law on sexual violence is expected to bring fresh air to the enforcement and eradication of sexual harassment in Indonesia. It is also in the spirit of applying the concept of restorative justice in Indonesia’s criminal law, while slowly leaving the long-adopted concept of retributive justice. In its formulation, the Government labelled Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence as a more accommodating law and provides more care to the victim by introducing more definitions of sexual violence, legal aid to the victim, restitution, and a higher sanction to the perpetrator. Despite all the claims made by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, the law is far from what seems to be the objective of the law. One of the most vital points in ensuring the success of the implementation of the law is the legal enforcer. As perfect as it is, the law will not be ideal if the enforcement is weak.
In addition, the enforcement of the law in online-based sexual violence remains ineffective. The digital infrastructure provided by the government in battling with online-based sexual violence is insufficient and cannot accommodate the fast-paced development of the internet. This can result in victims being left untreated and the existing systems for protection and prevention of online sexual violence are very minimal. Overall, further work is required in order to facilitate better access to justice for women in rural Indonesia.